What is the difference between your SSH key and a host key? Your key authenticates you; the host key helps verify the server you reached. topicladder software linux What does the 'Separate identity from host trust' step prove? Your key proves who you are; the host key proves which server answered. Check: Identify whether the error is publickey or host key related. topicladder software linux What does the 'Check local key files' step prove? Private keys need restrictive permissions. Check: ls -l ~/.ssh shows file modes. topicladder software linux What does the 'Check remote authorized_keys' step prove? The server must have the right public key for the right user. Check: authorized_keys contains public keys, not private keys. topicladder software linux What does the 'Verify host changes out of band' step prove? A changed host key can be normal or a security warning. Check: Confirm fingerprint before editing known_hosts. topicladder software linux When would you use `ssh -vvv user@example.com`? Use it to inspect ssh auth flow. Expected signal: Debug lines naming keys attempted and server response topicladder software command When would you use `ssh-keygen -F example.com`? Use it to find a host in known_hosts. Expected signal: Known host lines for that host topicladder software command When would you use `ls -l ~/.ssh`? Use it to check local ssh file modes. Expected signal: Private keys should not be world-readable topicladder software command